目錄 |
| Table of Contents | vii |
| Preface | xi |
| Abbreviations | xv |
| Introduction | |
0.1. | The Islendingasogur: convention and creativity | 1 |
0.2. | The question of origins | 3 |
0.3. | Early vernacular prose in Iceland | 4 |
0.4. | The oral background | 6 |
0.5. | Njals saga | 8 |
0.6. | Njals saga and its sources | 11 |
0.7. | Njals saga and Laxd¿أla saga | 18 |
ch. 1 | Laxd¿أla saga: shipwreck and salvation | |
1.1. | Text and author | 23 |
1.2. | Shipwrecks and drownings | 32 |
1.3. | Porkell Eyjolfsson and Kjartan Olafsson | 35 |
1.4. | The death of Porkell Eyjolfsson | 37 |
1.5. | The penitence of Gurun Osvifrsdottir | 39 |
1.6. | The death of Kjartan Olafsson | 46 |
1.7. | Unnr and Gurun | 49 |
1.8. | Conclusions | 53 |
ch. 2 | Pre-Christian Society in Njals saga | |
2.1. | Introductory | 55 |
2.2. | Law and legal judgement | 56 |
2.3. | Honouring one's debts: Hrutr Herjolfsson | 59 |
2.4. | Vengeance and Feud | 62 |
2.5. | Hallgerr Hoskuldsdottir | 67 |
2.6. | The curse on Hrutr Herjolfsson | 74 |
2.7. | The conflict over Unnr's dowry | 83 |
2.8. | Conclusions | 86 |
ch. 3 | Justice and Mercy | |
3.1. | Introductory | 89 |
3.2. | Haraldr Greycloak and Brian Boru | 91 |
3.3. | The battle of Clontarf | 93 |
3.4. | The conversion of Siu-Hallr | 99 |
3.5. | Njals saga and other accounts of the Conversion of Iceland | 100 |
3.6. | Hallr's demands | 106 |
3.7. | Michaelmas | 109 |
3.8. | Hallr's humility | 111 |
3.9. | Porhallr Asgrimsson: justice at the Alpingi | 116 |
3.10. | Last-minute repentance: Ingjaldr of Keldur | 121 |
3.11. | The blind Amundi Hoskuldsson | 122 |
3.12. | Conclusions | 131 |
ch. 4 | Metaphors of growth and productivity | |
4.1. | Introductory | 133 |
4.2. | The bleikir akrar of Hliarendi | 133 |
4.3. | Metaphors of poor harvest | 141 |
4.4. | Pangbrandr and the seed of God's word | 143 |
4.5. | Morr Valgarsson | 150 |
4.6. | Weeds at Bergporshvall | 152 |
4.7. | Flosi Porarson | 158 |
4.8. | Conclusions | 168 |
ch. 5 | Reaping anger and sowing love | |
5.1. | The saga's bipartite structure | 169 |
5.2. | Two sowing scenes | 170 |
5.3. | Gunnarr's fall | 173 |
5.4. | The falling horse | 179 |
5.5. | The death of Hoskuldr Hvitanessgoi | 181 |
5.6. | A suggested source for the death of Hoskuldr | 185 |
5.7. | The death of Gunnarr | 193 |
5.8. | A suggested source for the bipartite structure | 195 |
ch. 6 | The Burning: Njall and Skarphedinn | |
6.1. | Introductory | 201 |
6.2. | Background: Njall welcomes Christianity | 202 |
6.3. | Njall's fatal decisions | 208 |
6.4. | Skarpheinn and the chieftains | 214 |
6.5. | Skarpheinn and Viga-Hrappr Orgumleiason | 215 |
6.6. | Skarpheinn and the universal debt | 217 |
6.7. | Skarpheinn and the berserk Otryggr | 220 |
6.8. | Skarpheinn's death | 223 |
6.9. | Skarpheinn and the penitent thief | 226 |
6.10. | Njall's death | 232 |
6.11. | Conclusions | 236 |
ch. 7 | Closing Remarks | |
7.1. | Conclusions from the study | 239 |
7.1.i. | Njals saga and Laxd¿أla saga | 239 |
7.1.ii. | The author's creativity | 240 |
7.1.iii. | The theme of judgement | 241 |
7.1.iv. | The author's learning | 243 |
7.2. | A suggestion concerning the saga's early reception | 244 |
| Illustrations | 253 |
| Bibliography | 265 |
| Index | 285 |